Frontiers | Non-pharmacological treatment of Alzheimer’s disease: an update

The article presents physical therapy as a non-invasive and generally safe non-pharmacological approach for Alzheimer’s disease.
tDCS improved cognitive function and regional brain glucose metabolism in patients with early-stage Alzheimer’s disease.
In an AD rat model, tDCS improved cognition and memory, with benefits lasting up to 2 months after stimulation.
TENS improved non-verbal short-term memory in patients with Alzheimer’s disease.
DBS in early-stage AD activated memory circuits and the default mode network and was reported to slow cognitive decline.
DBS also stabilized memory scores and increased medial temporal lobe metabolism in another AD study.
rTMS showed benefits for episodic memory, visual recognition memory, language dysfunction, and network connectivity.
Some magnetic stimulation studies also reported increased BDNF.
Ultrasound-based therapies were associated with improved cognition and memory plus reduced Aβ and tau pathology.
Phototherapy and gamma stimulation were linked to lower Aβ burden, better cognition, and reduced neuroinflammation and oxidative damage in AD models.

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